A Review on Benefits, Distribution and Threat of Combretum-Terminalia Woodland Ecosystem in Ethiopia Biodiversity
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The Combretum-Terminalia Woodland Ecosystem is one of the ecosystems with the highest biodiversity in Ethiopia, ranking among the top ten ecosystems. The ecosystem comprises a diverse array of fauna and flora species. Ethiopia is a land of geographical contrasts, with elevations that range from 125 m below sea level in the Danakil Depression to 4533 m above sea level in the Semien Mountains, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The objective of this article review is to describe the distribution, threats and benefits of the Combretum -Terminalia Woodland Ecosystem in Ethiopia. This review article was written using secondary sources of data, primarily from internet databases. We used Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus to look for online reports, book chapters, theses, and scholarly papers. This ecosystem occurs in the northwestern, western, and southwestern parts of Ethiopia. The existence of this ecosystem has the potential to provide significant socioeconomic benefits and several critical ecological services, including the accumulation of carbon stock, provision of regulatory services, and rural livelihood diversification. Currently, rapid population growth, agricultural expansion, forest fires, and overgrazing are severely threatening the biodiversity of the Combretum-Terminalia Woodland Ecosystem in Ethiopia. Various efforts, including the protection of the Combretum terminalia ecosystem in Ethiopia, are being implemented to safeguard this ecosystem from degradation. These efforts include plantation, the implantation of PFM, awareness raising, improving the effectiveness of policies, regulations, and agreements, as well as the demarcation and designation of protected areas, such as Alotishe, Qaftashiraro, Anbesa Chaka, and Gambella national parks.
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