Design and Implementation of a High-Efficiency 12V Dual Power Supply System for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Applications
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid demand for efficient and reliable battery charging solutions for electric vehicles (EVs) has unveiled the limitations of conventional single-source chargers. To address these challenges, this research paper presents the design and implementation of a 12V dual power supply battery charger system capable of operating from both AC mains (grid) and renewable DC sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed system (charger) integrates a highly efficient power conversion stage with intelligent charge control to ensure fast, safe, and cost-effective charging. Automated source selection and discontinuous-mode soft switching are employed to improve flexibility, minimize switching losses, and reduce thermal stress. A prototype was designed and simulated using Circuit Wizard software, programmed in C++, and experimentally tested. However, results confirm stable operation with a constant 12V output from both grid and solar inputs, demonstrating enhanced efficiency and reliability. The proposed charger offers a sustainable and versatile solution suitable for domestic, commercial, and industrial energy storage applications.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Kertész, Norbert, and Loránd Szabó. "Advances and Future Trends in Battery Management Systems." Engineering Proceedings 79, no. 1 (2024): 66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024079066
Hemavathi, S., and A. Shinisha. "A study on trends and developments in electric vehicle charging technologies." Journal of Energy Storage 52 (2022): 105013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105013.
Itani, K., and A. De Bernardinis. Review on new-generation battery technologies: trends and future directions, Energies 16 (2023). 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227530
Ghaeminezhad, Nourallah, and Mohammad Monfared. "Charging control strategies for lithium‐ion battery packs: Review and recent developments." IET Power Electronics 15, no. 5 (2022): 349-367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12219
Aghajan-Eshkevari, Saleh, Sasan Azad, Morteza Nazari-Heris, Mohammad Taghi Ameli, and Somayeh Asadi. "Charging and discharging of electric vehicles in power systems: An updated and detailed review of methods, control structures, objectives, and optimization methodologies." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 2137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042137
Pavković, Danijel, Josip Kasać, Matija Krznar, and Mihael Cipek. "Adaptive constant-current/constant-voltage charging of a battery cell based on cell open-circuit voltage estimation." World electric vehicle journal 14, no. 6 (2023): 155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14060155
B. Devi, V. S. Kumar and M. Leelavathi, "Innovations in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle: A Review," 2023 International Conference on Energy, Materials and Communication Engineering (ICEMCE), Madurai, India, 2023, pp. 1-5,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMCE57940.2023.10434178
Liu, Wei, Tobias Placke, and K. T. Chau. "Overview of batteries and battery management for electric vehicles." Energy Reports 8 (2022): 4058-4084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.03.016
Challoob, Ali Falih, Nur Azzammudin Bin Rahmat, Vigna Kumaran A/L Ramachandaramurthy, and Amjad Jaleel Humaidi. "Energy and battery management systems for electrical vehicles: A comprehensive review & recommendations." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 42, no. 1 (2024): 341-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987231211943
Hsu, Yuan-Ming, Dai-Yan Ji, Marcella Miller, Xiaodong Jia, and Jay Lee. "Intelligent maintenance of electric vehicle battery charging systems and networks: Challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 14, no. 3 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2023.v14i3.3130
Shahed, Md Tanvir, and ABM Harun-ur Rashid. "Battery charging technologies and standards for electric vehicles: A state-of-the-art review, challenges, and future research prospects." Energy Reports 11 (2024): 5978-5998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.062
Omase, Nikita, Shailendra Kumar Mittal, Shenbagalakshmi Palaniraja, Pabitra Guchhait, Manjusha Patil, and Prateek Mundra. "A comprehensive review of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and associated challenges." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 10, no. 1 (2023): 834-840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.1.0832
Zentani, Ahmed, A. M. Almaktoof, and M. T. E. Kahn. "Exploring Review of Advancements in Fast‐Charging Techniques and Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Revolution." Energy Science & Engineering 13, no. 6 (2025): 3437-3447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70051
Dhanadhya, Trupti, Swaraj Kadam, Shashikant Prasad, and Harshal Vaidya. "Advancements and Challenges in Electric Vehicle Battery Charging: A Comprehensive Review." In E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 601, p. 00066. EDP Sciences, 2025.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560100066
S. S. G. Acharige, M. E. Haque, M. T. Arif, N. Hosseinzadeh, K. N. Hasan and A. M. T. Oo, "Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies, Standards, Architectures, and Converter Configurations," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 41218-41255, 2023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267164
Ji, Guansong, Lianfang He, Tianyuan Wu, and Guanglei Cui. "The design of fast charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries and intelligent application: A comprehensive review." Applied Energy 377 (2025): 124538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124538
R. R. Kumar, C. Bharatiraja, K. Udhayakumar, S. Devakirubakaran, K. S. Sekar and L. Mihet-Popa, "Advances in Batteries, Battery Modelling, Battery Management System, Battery Thermal Management, SOC, SOH, and Charge/Discharge Characteristics in EV Applications," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 105761-105809, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3318121
Nyamathulla, Shaik, and C. Dhanamjayulu. "A review of battery energy storage systems and advanced battery management systems for different applications: Challenges and recommendations." Journal of Energy Storage 86 (2024): 111179.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111179
Amer, Mohammed, Jafar Masri, Uzair Sajjad, and Khalid Hamid. "Electric vehicles: Battery technologies, charging standards, AI communications, challenges, and future directions." Energy Conversion and Management: X 24 (2024): 100751.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100751
Waseem, Mohammad, G. Sree Lakshmi, E. Sreeshobha, and Shahbaz Khan. "An electric vehicle battery and management techniques: comprehensive review of important obstacles, new advancements, and recommendations." Energy Storage and Saving 4, no. 1 (2025): 83-108.